Powell KE, Paluch AE, Blair SN. Exercise for health: What type? How much? How strong is it? Above what? Annu Rev Public Health. 2011; 32.
Rhodes RE, Janssen I, Bredin SS, Warburton DE, Bauman A. Physical activity: Health impact, prevalence, correlates and interventions. Mental Health. 2017;32:8.
World Health Organization. Global recommendations on physical activity for health. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2010.
Google Scholar
Guthold R, Stevens GA, Riley LM, Bull FC. Global trends in insufficient physical activity from 2001 to 2016: a meta-analysis of 358 population-based studies with 19 million participants. Lancet Glob Health. 2018;6:10.
Guthold R, Stevens GA, Riley LM, Bull FC. Global trends in insufficient physical activity among youth: a meta-analysis of 298 population-based studies with 16 million participants. The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health. 2020; 4:1.
Hallal PC, Andersen LB, Bull FC, Guthold R, Haskell W, Ekelund U. Physical activity levels worldwide: monitoring progress, pitfalls, and prospects. Lancet. 2012;380:9838.
Sallis JF, Bull F, Guthold R, Heath GW, Inoue S, Kelly P, Hallal PC. The progress of gymnastics over the Olympic quadrennium. The Lancet. 2016;388:10051.
Buckley J, Cohen JD, Kramer AF, McAuley E, Mullen SP. Cognitive regulation of physical activity and sedentary behavior. Front Hum Neurosci. 2014; 8.
Strobach T, Englert C, Jekauc D, Pfeffer I. Predicting adoption and maintenance of physical activity in the context of two functional theories. Make a Better Life. 2020;100162.
Dohle S, Diel K, Hofmann W. Executive functions and self-monitoring of eating behavior: a review. Desire for food. 2018;124:4–9.
Hofmann W, Schmeichel BJ, Baddeley AD. Administrative functions and self-regulation. Methods of Cogn Sci. 2012;16:3.
Yuan P, Raz N. Prefrontal cortex and executive functions in healthy adults: a meta-analysis of structural neuroimaging studies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2014; 42.
Best JR, Chiu BK, Hall PA, Liu-Ambrose T. Larger lateral prefrontal cortex volume predicts better exercise adherence among older women: evidence from two exercise studies. J Gerontol Ser A Biomed Sci Med Sci. 2017;72:6.
Google Scholar
Diamond A. Administrative functions. Annu Rev Psychol. 2013;64:135.
Karr JE, Areshenkoff CN, Rast P, Hofer SM, Iverson GL, Garcia-Barrera MA. Unity and diversity in executive functions: a systematic review and re-examination of latent variable studies. Psychol Bull. 2018;144:1147–85.
Miyake A, Friedman NP. The structure and organization of individual differences in executive functions four general outcomes. Curr Dir Psychol Sci. 2012;21:1.
Miyake A, Friedman NP, Emerson MJ, Witzki AH, Howerter A, Wager TD. Unity and diversity of executive functions and their contribution to complex “frontal lobe” functions: a univariate analysis. Cogn Psychol. 2000; 41:1.
Baumeister RF, Heatherton TF. Self-regulatory behavior: an overview. Psychol Inq. 1996;7:1.
Logan GD, Cowan WB, Davis KA. The ability to inhibit simple and selective reaction time responses: a model and methodology. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Percept. 1984;10(2):276.
See JW. Color vocabulary test. San Luis Obispo CA: Wang Neuropsychological Laboratory; 1989.
McAuley E, Mullen SP, Szabo AN, White SM, Wójcicki TR, Mailey EL, Erickson K. Self-care practices and exercise adherence in older adults: executive function and behavioral outcomes. I J Prev Med. 2011;41:3.
Allan JL, Johnston M, Campbell N. Wrong by an inch or a mile? Predicting the size of the intention-behavior gap from measures of executive control. Mental Health. 2011;26:6.
Hall PA, Fong GT, Epp LJ, Elias LJ. Executive function moderates the intention-behavior link for physical activity and dietary behavior. Mental Health. 2008;23:3.
Allom V, Mullan B. Individual differences in executive functioning predict different eating patterns. Desire for food. 2014; 80.
Collins A, Mullan B. An extension of the theory of planned behavior to predict immediate hedonic behavior and distal utility behavior. Quality Food Selection. 2011;22:7.
Pfeffer I, Strobach T. Executive functions, behavioral control, and the intention-behavior gap in physical behavior. J Sport Exerc Psychol. 2017;39:4.
Angevaren M, Aufdemkampe G, Verhaar H, Aleman A, Vanhees L. Physical exercise and intensified exercise to improve cognitive function in elderly people without known cognitive impairment. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2008;3.
Diamond A, Ling DS. A review of the evidence, and critical questions about, efforts to improve management functions, including the concept of working. In: Novick JM, Bunting MF, Dougherty MR, Engle RW, editors. Memory training and working: perspectives from psychology, neuroscience, and human development. Oxford: University Press; 2019.
Hillman CH, Erickson KI, Kramer AF. Be smart, use your heart: Effects of exercise on brain and cognition. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2008;9:1.
Kramer AF, Erickson KI. Capitalizing on cortical plasticity: the influence of physical activity on cognitive and brain function. Methods of Cogn Sci. 2007;11:8.
Tomporowski PD, McCullick B, Pendleton DM, Pesce C. Exercise and children’s cognition: the role of exercise characteristics and the domain of metacognition. J Sport Health Sci. 2015; 4:1.
Gray-Burrows K, Taylor N, O’Connor D, Sutherland E, Stoet G, Conner M. A systematic review and meta-analysis of behavioral health management systems. Health Psychol Behav Med. 2019;7:1.
Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, Moher D. The PRISMA 2020 statement: updated guidelines for reporting systematic reviews. Syst Rev 2021;10(1):1–11.
Favieri F, Forte G, Casagrande M. Executive functioning in overweight and obesity: a systematic review of cross-sectional and longitudinal neuropsychological studies. First Psychol. 2019;10:2126.
Tooth L, Ware R, Bain C, Purdie DM, Dobson A. Reporting quality in longitudinal observational research. I J Epidemiol. 2005;161:3.
Viechtbauer W. Performing meta-analyses in R with the metafor package. J Stat Softw. 2010;36:3.
The R Core Team. R: A language and environment for mathematical computing. 2020. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. URL https://www.R-project.org/. Accessed January 10, 2022.
Crocetti E. Systematic reviews with meta-analysis: Why, when, and how? Emerg the Great Man. 2016;4:1.
Google Scholar
Huedo-Medina TB, Sánchez-Meca J, Marin-Martinez F, Botella J. Assessing heterogeneity in meta-analyses: Q or I statistics2 index? Mental Processes. 2006;11:2.
Higgins JP, Thompson SG, Deeks JJ, Altman DG. Measuring disagreement in meta-analysis. BMJ. 2003;327:7414.
Duval S. The subtraction and complementation method. In: Rothstein HR, Sutton AJ, Borenstein M., editors. Publication distribution in meta-analysis: Prevention, analysis and changes. Chichester, UK: Wiley; 2005.
Rothstein HR, Sutton AJ, Borenstein M. Publication review in meta-analysis: prevention, analysis and revisions. Chichester: Wiley; 2005.
Frye WS, Shapiro SK. The role of executive functioning in the relationship between intentions and behavioral health behaviors: a temporal self-regulation perspective. Mental Health. 2021;36:5.
Stautz K, Pechey R, Couturier DL, Deary IJ, Marteau TM. Do executive functioning and motivation predict adolescent life behavior after accounting for intelligence? Results from the ALSPAC panel. PLoS ONE. 2016;11:8.
Hall PA, Fong GT, Epp LJ. Psychological and personality factors in the prediction of health behaviors: an analysis of total, direct, and indirect effects. J Behav Med. 2014;37:6.
Loprinzi PD, Pazirei S, Robinson G, Dickerson B, Edwards M, Rhodes RE. Evaluation of a cognitive affective model of physical activity behavior. Health Promotion Vision. 2020;10:1.
Pfeffer I, Strobach T. The impact of a planning intervention on physical activity behavior: the moderate role of planning and administrative tasks in a randomized controlled trial. Int J Behav Med. 2020;27:5.
Diamond A, Ling DS. Decisions about partnerships, programs, and ways to improve administrative functions that seem right and that, despite many protests, do not. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2016;18.
Herold F, Törpel A, Schega L, Müller NG. Functional and/or structured brain changes due to resistance exercise and resistance training lead to improved cognitive-organizational analysis. Eur Rev Aging Physi Active. 2019;16:1.
Google Scholar
Moreau D, Chou E. The dynamic effect of high-intensity exercise on executive function: a meta-analysis. Perspect Psychol Sci. 2019;14:5.
Morris JL, Daly-Smith A, Archbold VS, Wilkins EL, McKenna J. The Daily Mile™ initiative: examining physical activity and its effects on executive function and academic achievement in elementary school children. Sports Practice Psychol. 2019;45:101583.
Allan JL, McMinn D, Daly M. The bidirectional relationship between executive functioning and health behaviors: evidence, implications, and future directions. First Neurosci 2016;10.
Kelly SM, Updegraff JA. Substitution tasks mediate the effect of cognitive modulation on physical activity: a daily diary study. J Behav Med. 2017;40:4.